Using a ladder may seem like a basic task, but ladder-related injuries continue to be a serious problem in workplaces across all industries. Whether the job requires climbing a few feet or reaching significant heights, improper ladder use can quickly lead to severe injuries or fatalities.
Ladder Safety in the Workplace
How to safely use a ladder should be Workplace Safety 101, yet ladder incidents remain common. No matter how high off the ground, a fall from a ladder can have serious, life-changing consequences.
According to OSHA, falls from portable ladders are one of the leading causes of occupational fatalities and injuries. NIOSH reports that more than 500,000 people in the United States are treated for ladder injuries each year, and approximately 300 people die annually from ladder-related incidents.
OSHA Ladder Inspection Requirements
OSHA Standard 1910.23(b)(9) states that the employer must ensure that ladders are inspected before initial use in each work shift, and more frequently as necessary, to identify any visible defects that could cause employee injury.
Inspect Ladders Before Every Use
Always visually inspect step ladders before use for defects such as:
- Missing or broken rungs
- Loose, missing, or damaged bolts, cleats, or screws
- Cracked rails or other loose components
Remove defective ladders from service immediately.
Never attempt to repair a ladder. Do not use wire, screws, bolts, duct tape, or electrical tape to fix a ladder. Instead, tag the ladder and remove it from service.
Safe Climbing and Ladder Use Practices
OSHA Standard 1910.23(b)(11) states that the employer must ensure that each employee faces the ladder when climbing up or down it.
Proper Step Ladder Use
- Never stand on the top rung or top step of a step ladder.
- Never face away from the ladder while climbing or working.
- Never overreach while on a ladder.
- Do not move or shift a ladder while a person or equipment is on it.
- A step ladder is not an extension ladder.
Improper ladder positioning and movement can easily cause instability, tip-overs, and falls.
Choosing the Right Ladder for the Job
If ladders are used at all, whether occasionally, regularly, or daily, an annual ladder safety meeting or toolbox talk is essential.
Ladder Selection and Load Capacity
- Use the correct ladder for the task.
- Choose a ladder rated for both body weight and tools.
- Read and follow all warning labels and manufacturer instructions.
- Never exceed the ladder’s maximum intended load.
- Never use one side of a disassembled step ladder as an extension ladder.
OSHA Standard 1910.23(b)(1) states that the employer must ensure that ladder rungs, steps, and cleats are parallel, level, and uniformly spaced when the ladder is in position for use.
Reinforcing Ladder Safety Awareness
Ladder safety depends on proper equipment selection, routine inspections, correct climbing techniques, and ongoing training. Reinforcing these fundamentals helps reduce fall hazards and protects workers from preventable injuries.
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